Covalent structures and bonding
Read our general notes on Risk Assessment
Tutorials to explain bonding
These Jim Clark tutorials are full of helpful tips and comments. They lead you step by step through the ideas.
The first link leads to a Jim Clark tutorial explaining covalent bonding. This tutorial goes beyond what you need to know at AS level by introducing the notion of hybridisation but you may find this helpful if it explains ideas you have previously found puzzling.
>>Tutorial 1
The second link takes you to a tutorial about giant covalent structures and an account of the links between structure, bonding and properties for substances such as diamond, graphite and silicon dioxide.
>>Tutorial 2
The third link takes you to a web page where Jim Clark explains co-ordinate (dative covalent) bonding.
>>Tutorial 3
The fourth link leads to a tutorial about the shapes of molecules.
>>Tutorial 4
While the fifth link explains the periodicity of electronegativity and how this concept accounts for polar bonds.
>>Tutorial 5
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updated: 21 January 2004
